System and method for removing artifacts from waveforms

ABSTRACT

A technique is provided for processing a physiological signal to compensate for artifacts. The technique includes identifying artifacts within the physiological signal. The technique also includes performing one or more multi-resolution decompositions, such as wavelet transformations, on the physiological signal and compensating for the identified artifacts in some or all of the respective decomposition components. The modified decomposition components may be reconstructed to generate an artifact-compensated signal which may be provided to a monitor or other device which is otherwise not configured to compensate for signal artifacts.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates generally to the processing of waveformdata and, more particularly, to the processing of waveforms associatedwith medical monitoring.

2. Description of the Related Art

This section is intended to introduce the reader to various aspects ofart that may be related to various aspects of the present invention,which are described and/or claimed below. This discussion is believed tobe helpful in providing the reader with background information tofacilitate a better understanding of the various aspects of the presentinvention. Accordingly, it should be understood that these statementsare to be read in this light, and not as admissions of prior art.

In the field of medicine, doctors often desire to monitor certainphysiological characteristics of their patients. Accordingly, a widevariety of devices have been developed for monitoring physiologicalcharacteristics. Such devices provide doctors and other healthcarepersonnel with the information they need to provide the best possiblehealthcare for their patients. As a result, such monitoring devices havebecome an indispensable part of modern medicine.

One technique for monitoring certain physiological characteristics of apatient is commonly referred to as pulse oximetry, and the devices builtbased upon pulse oximetry techniques are commonly referred to as pulseoximeters. Pulse oximetry may be used to measure various blood flowcharacteristics, such as the blood-oxygen saturation of hemoglobin inarterial blood, the volume of individual blood pulsations supplying thetissue, and/or the rate of blood pulsations corresponding to eachheartbeat of a patient.

The quality of these measurements, however, may be adversely affected bya number of factors such as patient motion, subdermal physiologicalstructures, poor sensor operation or fit, poor signal reception andtransmission, and so forth. Such factors may result in a pulse oximetrysignal which contains artifacts or noise or is otherwise of low orreduced quality. When processed, such a low or reduced quality signalmay result in physiological measurements being reported which may not beas accurate or reliable as desired.

To address this issue of poor signal quality, newer pulse oximetrymonitors and/or systems may include algorithms, circuits, or othercomponents to reduce, remove, or otherwise compensate for artifactswithin the pulse oximetry signal. Such artifact compensation techniques,however, may be unavailable to health care providers using older or lessadvanced equipment that is not configured for artifact compensation.Since replacing older or less advanced pulse oximetry monitors and/orsystems may not be financially feasible, a health care provider may havelittle choice but to continue using a system or monitor that does notcompensate for artifacts in the acquired signal. However, even if anartifact compensating system is available, an older or less advancedsystem may still be useful within a health care facility. It may,therefore, be useful to provide artifact compensation in conjunctionwith the use of systems otherwise not configured to compensate for noiseand artifacts with the pulse oximetry signal.

SUMMARY

Certain aspects commensurate in scope with the originally claimedinvention are set forth below. It should be understood that theseaspects are presented merely to provide the reader with a brief summaryof certain forms the invention might take and that these aspects are notintended to limit the scope of the invention. Indeed, the invention mayencompass a variety of aspects that may not be set forth below.

There is provided a method for processing a physiological signal, themethod including the acts of: identifying one or more artifacts in aphysiological signal; performing one or more multi-resolutiondecompositions on the physiological signal to generate two or moredecomposition products; and compensating for the one or more artifactsin the two or more decomposition products to generate modifieddecomposition products.

There is provided one or more machine-readable media, including: aroutine configured to identify one or more artifacts in a physiologicalsignal; a routine configured to perform one or more multi-resolutiondecompositions on the physiological signal to generate two or moredecomposition products; and a routine configured to compensate for theone or more artifacts in the two or more decomposition products togenerate modified decomposition products.

There is provided a physiological monitoring system, including: a sensorconfigured to generate a physiological signal; and a monitor configuredto receive an artifact-compensated signal derived from the physiologicalsignal, wherein the artifact-compensated signal is generated byidentifying one or more artifacts in the physiological signal, byperforming one or more multi-resolution decompositions on thephysiological signal to generate two or more decomposition products; bycompensating for the one or more artifacts in the two or moredecomposition products to generate modified decomposition products, andby reconstructing the modified decomposition products to generate theartifact-compensated signal.

There is provided a physiological sensor, including: an emitterconfigured to emit light; a detector configured to generate a signal inresponse to the emitted light; and one or more processing componentsconfigured to process the signal to generate an artifact-compensatedsignal.

There is provided a cable, including: one or more processing componentsconfigured to process an initial signal to generate anartifact-compensated signal.

There is provided an electronic device, including: one or moreprocessing components configured to receive a signal generated by aphysiological sensor, to process the signal to generate anartifact-compensated signal, and to transmit the artifact-compensatedsignal to a monitor which is not configured to perform artifactcompensation

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Advantages of the invention may become apparent upon reading thefollowing detailed description and upon reference to the drawings inwhich:

FIG. 1 illustrates a patient monitoring system coupled to amulti-parameter patient monitor and a sensor, in accordance with aspectsof the present technique;

FIG. 2 is a diagram depicting components of a physiological signalprocessing system, in accordance with aspects of the present technique;

FIG. 3 is a flowchart of exemplary actions performed in accordance withaspects of the present technique;

FIG. 4A depicts a waveform representing a pulse oximetry signal to beprocessed in accordance with aspects of the present technique;

FIG. 4B depicts wavelet transformation of the waveform of FIG. 4A, inaccordance with aspects of the present technique;

FIG. 4C depicts the wavelet vector of FIG. 4B modified to removeartifact signal, in accordance with aspects of the present technique;and

FIG. 4D depicts an output waveform reconstructed from the modifiedwavelet coefficients of FIG. 4C, in accordance with aspects of thepresent technique.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS

One or more specific embodiments of the present invention will bedescribed below. In an effort to provide a concise description of theseembodiments, not all features of an actual implementation are describedin the specification. It should be appreciated that in the developmentof any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or designproject, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made toachieve the developers' specific goals, such as compliance withsystem-related and business-related constraints, which may vary from oneimplementation to another. Moreover, it should be appreciated that sucha development effort might be complex and time consuming, but wouldnevertheless be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, andmanufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of thisdisclosure.

It is desirable to provide a pulse oximeter signal (or otherphysiological monitor signal) from which the artifacts (such as may begenerated by patient motion, subdermal physiological structures, poorsensor operation or fit, poor signal reception and transmission, and soforth) have been removed or reduced. Such a “clean” output signal may beprovided as an input to a monitor or other display device which is notitself configured to compensate for signal noise or artifacts. Themonitor or display device may display the clean signal or process theclean signal to generate one or more physiological characteristics ofinterest, such as measurements of blood oxygen level (SpO₂), pulse rate,and so forth. In accordance with some aspects of the present technique,the artifact and noise compensation may be performed by processingcomponents located on the sensor itself, on a cable disposed between thesensor and the monitor or display device, or on an intermediate device,such as a conversion unit or intermediate monitor.

Turning now to FIG. 1, an exemplary medical monitoring system that maybenefit from the present technique is depicted. The exemplary systemincludes a physiological sensor 10 that may be attached to a patient.The sensor 10 generates an output signal based on a monitoredphysiological characteristic and transmits the output signal to apatient monitor 12. In the depicted embodiment, the sensor 10 isconnected to the patient monitor 12 via a cable 14 suitable fortransmission of the output signal as well as any other electrical and/oroptical signals or impulses communicated between the sensor 10 andmonitor 12. In accordance with aspects of the present technique, thesensor 10 and/or the cable 14 may include or incorporate one or moreintegrated circuit devices or electrical devices, such as a memory,processor chip, or resistor, that may facilitate or enhancecommunication between the sensor 10 and the patient monitor 12. Likewisethe cable 14 may be an adaptor cable, with or without an integratedcircuit or electrical device, for facilitating communication between thesensor 10 and various types of monitors, including older or newerversions of the patient monitor 12 or other physiological monitors. Inother embodiments, the sensor 10 and the patient monitor 12 maycommunicate via wireless means, such as using radio, infrared, oroptical signals. In such embodiments, a transmission device (not shown)may be connected to the sensor 10 to facilitate wireless transmissionbetween the sensor 10 and the patient monitor 12.

In one embodiment, the patient monitor 12 may be a suitable pulseoximeter, such as those available from Nellcor Puritan Bennett Inc. Inother embodiments, the patient monitor 12 may be a monitor suitable formeasuring other physiological characteristics (such as tissue waterfraction, tissue or blood carbon dioxide levels, and so forth) usingspectrophotometric or other techniques. Furthermore, the monitor 12 maybe a multi-purpose monitor suitable for performing pulse oximetry and/orother physiological and/or biochemical monitoring processes using dataacquired via the sensor 10. Furthermore, to provide additional orenhanced functions to those performed by the monitor 12, the patientmonitor 12 may be coupled to a multi-parameter patient monitor 16 via acable 18 connected to a sensor input port and/or via a cable 20connected to a digital communication port.

As noted above the data provided to the monitor 12 (or, alternatively,to the multi-parameter monitor 16) is generated at the sensor 10. In theexample depicted in FIG. 1, the sensor 10 is an exemplaryspectrophotometry sensor (such as a pulse oximetry sensor or probe) thatincludes an emitter 22 and a detector 24 which may be of any suitabletype. For example, the emitter 22 may be one or more light emittingdiodes adapted to transmit one or more wavelengths of light, such as inthe red to infrared range, and the detector 24 may be a photodetector,such as a silicon photodiode package, selected to receive light in therange emitted from the emitter 22. In the depicted embodiment, thesensor 10 is coupled to a cable 14 through which electrical and/oroptical signals may be transmitted to and/or from the emitter 22 anddetector 24. The sensor 10 may be configured for use with the emitterand detector on the same side of the sensor site (i.e., as a“reflectance type” sensor) or on opposite sides of the sensor site(i.e., as a “transmission type” sensor). During operation, the emitter22 shines one or more wavelengths of light through the patient'sfingertip, or other tissue, and the light received by the detector 24 isprocessed to determine one or more physiological characteristics of thepatient.

For example, for pulse oximetry applications the oxygen saturation ofthe patient's arterial blood (SaO₂) may be determined using two or morewavelengths of light emitted by the emitter 22, most commonly red andnear infrared wavelengths. After passage through the patient's tissue, aportion of the light emitted at these wavelengths is detected by thedetector 24. The detector generates one or more signals, such anelectrical or optical signals, in response to the amount of eachwavelength that is detected at a given time. The generated signals maybe digital or, where acquired as analog signals, may be digitized inimplementations where digital processing and manipulation of the signalsis employed. Such digitalization may be performed at the monitor 12 orprior to reaching the monitor 12. The signals, as noted above, may betransmitted via the cable 14 to the monitor 12, where the oxygensaturation or other physiological characteristic is calculated based onthe signals. The signals may contain artifacts due to a variety offactors, such as light modulation by subdermal anatomic structures,patient motion during data acquisition, poor sensor operation or fit,poor signal reception and transmission, and so forth.

In one implementation of the present technique, the monitor 12 is notconfigured to compensate for artifacts in the data signal (such as apulse oximetry signal) provided by the sensor 10. In such animplementation, one or more of the upstream devices or structures (suchas sensor 10 and/or cable 14) may be configured to process the data tocompensate for artifacts and to, thereby, generate a clean signal forprocessing or display by the monitor 12. Similarly, in anotherimplementation, a downstream monitor, such as multi-parameter monitor 16or a further downstream monitor, is not configured to compensate forartifacts in the signal. In such an implementation, the upstream devicesor structures that may process the signal to compensate for artifactsmay include not only the sensor 10 and/or cable 14, but also themonitors 12 or 16 and/or additional intermediate cables 18, 20.Similarly, other intermediate devices or structures may be disposedbetween the sensor 10 and the target monitor to process the data signalto compensate for artifacts, thereby generating a clean signal.

Referring now to FIG. 2, a box-diagram setting forth components used toprocess a signal to compensate for artifacts is set forth. Inparticular, a processing component 34 is depicted which is configured toreceive an oximetry signal 36 containing artifacts and to compensate forthe artifacts to produce a modified oximetry signal 38. The processingcomponent 34 may be a general or special purpose processor or circuitsuitable for incorporation into the desired structure, such as sensor 10and/or cables 14, 18, or 20, as discussed above with regard to FIG. 1.Likewise, the processing component 34 may be a general or specialpurpose processor incorporated in the monitor 12, multi-parametermonitor 16, or other electronic device in the path along which thesignal flows to a downstream destination that is not configured tocompensate for signal artifacts.

While the processor component 34 may include hardware or circuitrydesigned to compensate for artifacts in the signal 36, the processorcomponent 34 may also or alternately execute code or routines stored ina memory component 40 to accomplish the desired artifact compensation.The memory component 40 may be within the same device or structure asthe processing component 34 or may be within a different structure ordevice in communication with the processing component 34. Such a memorycomponents 40 may include solid state or integrated circuit type memorydevices or other suitable memory devices, such as magnetic or opticalmedia and/or drives suitable for use in the desired structure or device.As noted above, such processing components 34 and/or memory components40 may be incorporated into the sensor 10, cables 14, 18, and 20, or themonitors 12, and 16.

FIG. 2 generally depicts that the signal 36 with artifacts is providedto the processing component 34 for artifact compensation. It is alsopossible, however, that the signal 36 is provided initially to thememory component 40 for subsequent processing by the processingcomponent 34, as denoted by dotted line 42. Similarly, though themodified signal 38 may be directly output by the processing component 34to a downstream location, it may also be stored temporarily by thememory component 40 prior to subsequent downstream transmission, asdepicted by dotted line 44.

In an embodiment of the present technique, a data signal containingartifacts is processed to compensate for those artifacts and may,subsequently, be provided to a monitor or other system that is otherwisenot configured to compensate for artifacts in the signal. An example ofsuch an embodiment is set forth in FIG. 3, depicting an artifactcompensation technique 60 for use with a physiological signal. In thisexample, an oximetry data signal 36, such as a plethysmographicwaveform, is processed to remove artifacts.

In this example, the oximetry signals 36 are processed to identifyartifacts 64 within the signal (block 62). Identification of theartifacts 64 at block 62 may be accomplished by conventional artifactidentification algorithms or techniques, such as may be implemented inadvanced oximetry monitors or other processor-based systems commerciallyavailable or proprietary. In accordance with the present technique,these artifact identification techniques or algorithms may beimplemented, as discussed above, by one or more processing components34. These processing components 34 may be disposed within the sensor 10itself, within the cables 14, 18, or 20 intermediate between the sensor10 and a target monitor, and/or within an intervening monitor, such aspatient monitor 12 or multi-parameter monitor 16, or other electronicdevice. For example, in one embodiment, the artifact identification ofblock 62 includes the timing and frequency of artifacts 64. This timeand frequency information may be used to locate the correspondingportion of signal components within one or more wavelet decompositionlevels (as discussed below) to compensate for the respective artifacts64.

In addition, the oximetry signals 36 may be processed using amulti-resolution decomposition technique (block 66), such as waveletdecomposition by discrete wavelet transformation using a filter bank.Though wavelet transformation is discussed generally herein, those ofordinary skill in the art will appreciate that other transformationtechniques capable of providing the desired time and frequencyinformation may also be employed and are within the scope of the presenttechnique.

As mentioned above with regard to artifact identification, thedecomposition of the signal 36 may be accomplished by suitabledecomposition algorithms or techniques implemented by one or moreprocessing components 34. These processing components 34 may be disposedwithin the sensor 10 itself, within the cables 14, 18, or 20intermediate between the sensor 10 and a target monitor, and/or withinan intervening monitor, such as patient monitor 12 or multi-parametermonitor 16, or other electronic device. The one or more processingcomponents 34 that implement signal decomposition may be same ordifferent than the processing components 34 that implement artifactidentification, as discussed above. Furthermore, though FIG. 3 depictsdecomposition (block 66) and artifact extraction (62) implemented inparallel, other embodiments are also possible. For example, as will beappreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, decomposition (block66) and artifact extraction (block 62) may be implemented sequentiallyor in series as well.

In a wavelet decomposition implementation, each iteration ofdecomposition yields a low-passed signal component and a high-passedsignal component represented as wavelet coefficients 68. As will beappreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, the low-passedcomponent generally corresponds to an approximation of the signalundergoing decomposition while the high-passed component generallycorresponds to detail components of the signal undergoing decomposition.In one iterative implementation, each iteration, i.e., resolution level,of the decomposition decomposes the previous approximation, i.e.,low-passed component, to generate an approximation and detail componentrepresentative of the previous approximation. In other words, thelow-passed component of the previous resolution level is decomposed toyield high and low-passed components at the current resolution level.Because the low-passed components are iteratively decomposed in such animplementation, each previous resolution level may be reproduced byreintegrating the low and high-passed components (i.e., theapproximation and details) of the current resolution level. Similarly,the initial signal may be reproduced by reintegrating the currentresolution level of approximation and details along with previousresolution levels of detail.

During or subsequent to wavelet decomposition, some or all of the highand/or low-resolution filtered components generated at some or all ofthe decomposition resolution levels may be processed (block 70) tocompensate for artifact signal, thereby generating modified waveletcoefficients 72. For example, the timing and frequency information forthe artifacts 64 identified at block 62 may be used to deduct, remove,or modify the respective wavelet decomposition coefficients, such asduring signal reconstruction, to compensate for the artifacts 64. In oneembodiment, artifact compensation modifies the low-passed components(i.e., approximations) and/or the high-passed components (i.e., thedetails) based on the frequency and/or time information associated withthe identified artifacts 64 to compensate for portions of the signalattributable to the artifacts 64 in the modified coefficients 72.

For example, in one embodiment, the oximetry signal 36 undergoes athree-stage wavelet decomposition to generate the respective high andlow-passed components. In this example, artifact compensation is appliedto the two high-passed bands of the three-stage decomposition togenerate modified coefficients in these two bands. The artifactcompensation process may involve setting applicable coefficients orportions of the signal corresponding to an artifact 64 to zero orotherwise reducing the magnitude of the applicable coefficients orportions of the signal. In this manner, the level of detail in thereconstructed signal may be reduced based on the likely correspondenceof the detail level to artifacts or noise instead of to physiologicalsignal.

The modified wavelet coefficients 72 generated by artifact compensationmay be reconstructed (block 74), such as by an inverse wavelettransform, to generate a clean or artifact-compensated waveform 76. Insuch an embodiment, the inverse wavelet transform preserves the originalphysiological data while allowing artifact compensation, as opposed totechniques using synthesized waveforms (such as triangular syntheticwaveforms) where physiological information may be lost. This cleanwaveform 76, in turn, may be processed to determine (block 78) one ormore physiological characteristics of interest, such as respiratoryinformation, blood oxygen saturation, pulse rate, and so forth. In oneembodiment, the clean waveform is provided to and processed by a monitoror other electronic device that is not configured to compensate forartifacts itself. Though the preceding discussion generally discussesdecomposition using wavelet transformation, other decompositiontechniques that generate time-frequency and/or time-scale components mayalso be used in accordance with the present technique.

Referring now to FIGS. 4A-4D, example waveforms representative of thetechnique set forth in FIG. 3 are provided for the purpose ofillustration. FIG. 4A depicts an oximetry signal 36, as provide in FIG.3. The signal 36 of FIG. 4A contains artifacts to be compensated. FIG.4B depicts a three-stage wavelet decomposition 82 of the original signal36. The three-stage decomposition 82 includes a first high-passedcomponent 84. The first low-passed component was further decomposed toyield a second high-passed component 86 and a second low-passedcomponent that was in turn subsequently decomposed to generate a thirdlow-passed component 88 and a third high-passed component 90. The thirdlow-passed component 88 represents the approximation data for theoriginal signal while the first, second, and third high-passedcomponents 84, 86, 90 represent different levels of detail. FIG. 4Cdepicts the modified wavelet vector 92 after artifact compensation onthe three-stage decomposition 82. In this example, the first and secondlow-passed bands 84 and 86 correspond to the identified artifact 64 andare set to zero (i.e. removed) in the modified wavelet vector 92, asdepicted. The modified wavelet vector 92 provides the waveletcoefficients 72 that may be reconstructed, such as by an inverse wavelettransform, to generate a modified signal 76, such as the depicted outputwaveform. Artifacts present in the original signal 36 are compensatedfor in the modified signal 76. The modified signal 76 may be provided tosubsequent processes for the determination of physiologicalcharacteristics of interest, such as blood oxygen saturation, pulse rateand so forth.

While the invention may be susceptible to various modifications andalternative forms, specific embodiments have been shown by way ofexample in the drawings and have been described in detail herein.However, it should be understood that the invention is not intended tobe limited to the particular forms disclosed. Rather, the invention isto cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling withinthe spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the followingappended claims. Indeed, the present techniques may not only be appliedto pulse oximetry, but also to other physiological monitor outputs aswell.

1. A method for processing a physiological signal, the method performedon a processing component and comprising the acts of: independently,identifying one or more artifacts in a physiological signal andperforming one or more multi-resolution decompositions on thephysiological signal to generate two or more decomposition products; andcompensating for the one or more artifacts in the two or moredecomposition products to generate modified decomposition products. 2.The method of claim 1, wherein the two or more decomposition componentscomprise high-passed and low-passed signal components.
 3. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the two or more decomposition products comprise waveletcoefficients.
 4. The method of claim 1, comprising reconstructing themodified decomposition products to generate an artifact-compensatedsignal.
 5. The method of claim 4, comprising processing theartifact-compensated signal at a downstream device to derive one or morephysiological characteristics of interest.
 6. The method of claim 5,wherein the downstream device is not configured to perform artifactcompensation.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the physiological signalis a waveform.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or moremulti-resolution decompositions comprise one or more waveletdecompositions.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the physiologicalsignal comprises a pulse oximetry signal.
 10. The method of claim 1,wherein the one or more multi-resolution decompositions are implementedas a filter bank.
 11. One or more tangible machine-readable media,comprising routines, which when executed by a processor: independently,identify one or more artifacts in a physiological signal and perform oneor more multi-resolution decompositions on the physiological signal togenerate two or more decomposition products; and compensate for the oneor more artifacts in the two or more decomposition products to generatemodified decomposition products.
 12. The one or more tangiblemachine-readable media of claim 11, wherein the two or moredecomposition components comprise high-passed and low-passed signalcomponents.
 13. The one or more tangible machine-readable media of claim11, wherein the two or more decomposition products comprise waveletcoefficients.
 14. The one or more tangible machine-readable media ofclaim 11, comprising a routine configured to reconstruct the modifieddecomposition products to generate an artifact-compensated signal. 15.The one or more tangible machine-readable media of claim 14, wherein theroutine configured to reconstruct the modified decomposition productsperforms an inverse wavelet transform of one or more modified waveletcoefficients.
 16. The one or more tangible machine-readable media ofclaim 11, wherein the one or more multi-resolution decompositions areimplemented as a filter bank.
 17. A physiological monitoring system,comprising: a sensor configured to generate a physiological signal; aprocessing component configured to generate an artifact-compensatedsignal by independently, identifying one or more artifacts in thephysiological signal and performing one or more multi-resolutiondecompositions on the physiological signal to generate two or moredecomposition products, by compensating for the one or more artifacts inthe two or more decomposition products to generate modifieddecomposition products, and by reconstructing the modified decompositionproducts to generate the artifact-compensated signal; and a monitorconfigured to display the artifact-compensated signal.
 18. Thephysiological monitoring system of claim 17, wherein the processingcomponent is provided as part of the sensor, one or more cablesconnecting the sensor and the monitor, an intermediate monitor disposedbetween the sensor and the monitor, or a conversion device disposedbetween the sensor and the monitor.
 19. The physiological monitoringsystem of claim 17, wherein the artifact-compensated signal is generatedby one or more processing components disposed within the sensor orbetween the sensor and the monitor.
 20. The physiological monitoringsystem of claim 17, wherein the monitor is further configured to processthe artifact-compensated signal to derive one or more physiologicalcharacteristics of interest.
 21. The physiological monitoring system ofclaim 17, wherein the two or more decomposition components comprisehigh-passed and low-passed signal components.
 22. The physiologicalmonitoring system of claim 17, wherein the two or more decompositioncomponents comprise wavelet coefficients.
 23. The physiologicalmonitoring system of claim 17, wherein the monitor is not configured toperform artifact compensation.
 24. The physiological monitoring systemof claim 17, wherein the sensor comprises a pulse oximetry sensor. 25.The physiological monitoring system of claim 17, wherein the monitorcomprises a pulse oximetry monitor or a multi-parameter monitor.
 26. Thephysiological monitoring system of claim 17, wherein the one or moremulti-resolution decompositions comprise one or more waveletdecompositions.
 27. A physiological sensor, comprising: an emitterconfigured to emit light; a detector configured to generate a signal inresponse to the emitted light; and one or more processing componentsconfigured to independently, identify one or more artifacts in thesignal and perform one or more multi-resolution decompositions on thesignal to generate two or more decomposition products, to compensate forthe one or more artifacts in the two or more decomposition products togenerate modified decomposition products, and to reconstruct themodified decomposition products to generate an artifact-compensatedsignal.
 28. The physiological sensor of claim 27, wherein the emittercomprises one or more light emitting diodes.
 29. The physiologicalsensor of claim 27, wherein the detector comprises one or morephotodetectors.
 30. The physiological sensor of claim 27, wherein thetwo or more decomposition components comprise high-passed and low-passedsignal components.
 31. The physiological sensor of claim 27, wherein thetwo or more decomposition components comprise wavelet coefficients. 32.The physiological sensor of claim 27, wherein the one or moremulti-resolution decompositions comprise one or more waveletdecompositions.
 33. The physiological sensor of claim 27, wherein thesensor comprises a pulse oximetry sensor.
 34. A cable configured toconnect two electronic devices, comprising: one or more processingcomponents configured to independently, identify one or more artifactsin an initial signal received from a first of the electronic devices andperform one or more multi-resolution decompositions on the initialsignal to generate two or more decomposition products, to compensate forthe one or more artifacts in the two or more decomposition products togenerate modified decomposition products, and to reconstruct themodified decomposition products to generate an artifact-compensatedsignal configured for output to a second of the electronic devices. 35.The cable of claim 34, wherein the cable connects a physiological sensorto a physiological monitor.
 36. The cable of claim 35, wherein thephysiological sensor comprises a pulse oximetry sensor.
 37. The cable ofclaim 36, wherein the physiological monitor comprises one of a pulseoximetry monitor or a multi-parameter monitor.
 38. The cable of claim34, wherein the cable connects a first monitor to a second monitor. 39.The cable of claim 38, wherein the first monitor comprises a pulseoximetry monitor and the second monitor comprises a multi-parametermonitor.
 40. The cable of claim 34, wherein the two or moredecomposition components comprise high-passed and low-passed signalcomponents.
 41. The cable of claim 34, wherein the two or moredecomposition components comprise wavelet coefficients.
 42. The cable ofclaim 34, wherein the one or more multi-resolution decompositionscomprise one or more wavelet decompositions.
 43. An electronic device,comprising: one or more processing components configured to receive asignal generated by a physiological sensor, to independently, identifyone or more artifacts in the signal and perform one or moremulti-resolution decompositions on the signal to generate two or moredecomposition products, to compensate for the one or more artifacts inthe two or more decomposition products to generate modifieddecomposition products, and to reconstruct the modified decompositionproducts to generate an artifact-compensated signal, and to transmit theartifact-compensated signal to a monitor which is not configured toperform artifact compensation.
 44. The electronic device of claim 43,wherein the electronic device comprises a physiological monitor.
 45. Theelectronic device of claim 44, wherein the physiological monitorcomprises one of a pulse oximetry monitor or a multi-parameter monitor.46. The electronic device of claim 43, wherein the physiological sensorcomprises a pulse oximetry sensor.
 47. The electronic device of claim43, wherein the monitor comprises one of a pulse oximetry monitor or amulti-parameter monitor.
 48. The electronic device of claim 43, whereinthe two or more decomposition components comprise high-passed andlow-passed signal components.
 49. The electronic device of claim 43,wherein the two or more decomposition components comprise waveletcoefficients.
 50. The electronic device of claim 43, wherein the one ormore multi-resolution decompositions comprise one or more waveletdecompositions.